TCS NQT Paper 02

Alice and her friends are playing a game of verbal Kho-Kho. Alice is

acting as a mediator, and the rest of the N friends are seated on N chairs, one each. Alice starts by providing a paper with a single digit number to the friend present at number 1. Let’s denote friends by F, where F will be of size N. F[1]…F[N] represents friends seated respectively. After receiving the paper with a digit, F[1] will enact and try to tell F[2] without speaking. Similarly, F[2] will communicate to the next person i.e., F[3]. This continues until the last person F[N] understands the digit. Finally, the last person will write the digit on a separate paper and will give it to Alice Alice will compare both the papers. If the digits are similar then, Alice will give a T-shirt to each friend. However, if the digits do not match then Alice will ask digits from each friend, and she will offer the T-shirts to only the ones who understood the digits correctly. Given N number of friends and digit array D, denoting the digit understood by each friend F. find out how many of Alice’s friends have not enacted well OR did not understand the enactment by the previous friend correctly. Example 1: 3 -> N, number of friends 4 4 4 – array D. denoting digit understanding by N friends Output:

0 Explanation: All of them have understood digits correctly. Example 2: 5 1 2 3 2 2 Output: 4 Explanation: 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th friends could not enact OR understand the enactment.

Constraints: • 1<=N<10000 • 0<=D[i]<=9 The input format for testing: • First-line Contains a Positive Integer denoting N • Next line: Contains N elements of the array space separated denoting array

• D. The Output format for testing: Output the single integer denoting how many have not enacted well OR have not understood the enactment. Python n = int(input()) Arr = list(map(int, input().split())) print(n-arr.count(arr[0])) C #include<stdio.h> int main() { int n,z=0; scanf(“%d”, &n); int arr[n]; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { scanf(“%d”, &arr[i]); } for(int i=1;i<n;i++) { if(arr[0]==arr[i]) z++; } printf(“%d”, n-z-1); return 0; } C++ #include using namespace std; int main() { int n,z=0; Cin>>n; int arr[n]; for(int i=0;i<n;i++) { Cin>>arr[i]; } for(int i=1;i<n;i++) { if(arr[0]==arr[i]) z++; } Cout<<n-z-1; return 0; } Java import java.util.*; import java.util.Scanner; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); int n = sc.nextInt(); int[] arr = new int[n]; int i; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { Arr[i] = sc.nextInt(); } int count = 0; for (i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (arr[i] == arr[0]) { Count++; } } System.out.println(n-count); } }

Identify the letter cluster that does not belong to the following series.

BC, GH, LM, EF, JK, PQ, IJ, NO, ST

What will be the remainder when the square of the LCM of 4, 6, , 12, and

15 is divided by the square of HCF of 51, 119 and 323?

Select the option in which the pair of letter-clusters share the same

relationship as that shared by the given pair of letter cluster. From among the given options choose the letter-cluster pair which is similar to the one given below. PLGTOXIV : HKOSUZCF

The sum of the squares of two fractions is 1. It is given that one of them

is 21/29. The sum and the product of the possible values of the other fractions are, respectively, s & p. What is the value of (s-p)?

A question is given followed by two statements labeled as I and II.

Identify which of the statements is/ are sufficient to answer the question: Question: Data regarding the relations in a family is given in the following statements. How many male and female members are there in the entire family?

Statements:

1. Mrudula has five daughters, who have two brothers. Mrudula is the wife of Rakesh
2. Rakesh is the father of five daughters. Rajeev and Alok’s mother Mrudula is the wife of Rakesh. Rajeev and Alok are males

The average age of Ram and Mohan is 2 years more than the average

age of Mohan and Jitesh. The average age of Jitesh and Ram is 12 years, which is 2 years less than the average age of Mohan and Jitesh. What is the age of Jitesh?

The present ages of four persons are in the ratio 1:2:3:4. The average of

their ages seven years ago was 28 years. What will be the average age (in years) of the youngest and the oldest among them, five years from now?

In a certain code language,

‘M & N’ means ‘M is the wife of N’

‘M @ N’ means ‘M is the brother of N’ ‘M $ N’ means ‘M is the father of N’ ‘M N’ means ‘M is the mother of N’ ‘M + N’ means ‘M is the son’s son of N’

How is P’s father related to K if ‘P+H&Q$N@JK’?

A question is given followed by three statements labeled as I ,II and III.

Identify which of the statements is/ are sufficient to answer the question: Question

There are eight members in the family, four males and four females. Arunima is the wife of Charan. Charan has two sons Jay and Bidan. Taruni is the mother of Roshni. How is Roshni related to Charan? Statements:

1. Somu is the nephew of Jay. Bidan is married to Dipti.
2. Taruni is the sister in law of Dipti. Dipti is the wife of Bidan.
3. Roshni is the niece of Bidan. Bidan is the only sibling of Jay.

A metallic cuboid is processed by way of which its length, breadth and

height increased by 10% and decreased by 8% and increased by 5% respectively. What is the percentage (Correct upto 2 decimal values) change in its volume?

A shopkeeper sold his 25%, 30% and 20% of the items at a profit of 10%,

20% and 30% respectively. The rest of the items are sold at cost price. What is the percentage of profit of all his sale?

In a certain code language,

‘A $ B’ means ‘A is the father of B’ ‘A % B’ means ‘B is the mother of A’ ‘A @ B’ means ‘A is the brother of B’ ‘A * B’ means ‘B is the sister of A’ ‘A B’ means ‘A is the wife of B’

‘A ÷ B’ means ‘B is the husband of A’

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

What will be the compound interest earned on an amountof rs. 16800 in

1(3/4)yearsat the rate of 6.25% per annum?

Identify the letter cluster that does not belong to the following series.

HUD, JOG, LKJ, NFM, PAP

Three containers A, B and C are filled with milk part ¼ part of A is put

into B. Now ⅓ part of B is put into C. Again 5/11 part of C is put into A. In the end, ¼ part of A is put into B again. Now the final amount of milk in each container is 6

litres. The initial quantity (in litres) of milk in each container, respectively is equal to:-

The sales price of a drilling machine was increased by 10% and then its

price was again increased by 10%. What is the total increase in the initial price of the machine?

Shyam purchases 20% extra quantity of milk than indicated and sells

20% less than edit and he claims to sell the milk at cost price.Ram wants to earn the

same percentage of profit as Shyam without any dishonesty, so Ram sells milk at 39 per litre. What is the cost price of 1 litre of milk for Ram ?

Each of the six students A, B, C. D, E, and F are reading two subjects, one

compulsory and one optional Sociology is one the of the subjects by E and F English is F’s compulsory subject, which is optional for C and E. Hind and Geography are A’s subjects but just reverse to those of D in terms of compulsory and optional. Psychology is the optional subject of only one student Geography is the optional subject of D while it is compulsory for three others. What is the compulsory subject of B? Enter the answer in the space provided on the screen using the on-screen keyboard.

Following are the criteria for the selection of a Sociology assistant

professor in the college. The Candidate must:

1. have qualified post graduation in Sociology with at least 55% of marks from a UGC recognised University.

2. have passed graduation with Sociology honors obtaining at least 55% marks.

3. have passed both 10th and +2 examination securing at least 50% marks each.

4. have qualified UGC-NETor JRF examination in the subject of Sociology by January 2021 But not prior to December 2016.

5. be in the range of 25-40 years as on 16 March 2021

6. have scored at least 60% marks in the recruitment interview.

If a candidate meets all the aforementioned conditions, except (3) above, he/ she may be treated eligible if he/ she has passed with at least 55% marks in 10th and +2 taken together. Rahul Mehta, born on 21 February 1989, has acquired his post-graduation degree in Sociology from a UGC recognised University in Rajasthan obtaining 65% marks. He is an Honors graduate (Sociology) with 59% marks and has secured 245/500 in 10th and 365/600 in 10+2 examination. He has qualified UGC NET in the subject of Social Work in June 2018. He received 67% marks in the interview. Based on the given information, decide the status of the candidate in the recruitment process by selecting your answer from the following options. You should not Assume anything other than the information provided for the candidate.

Two persons are moving towards each other in the opposite directions

at 21 km/h and 17 km/h. The total distance between them is 19km. In how long will they meet?

A cone and sphere has the same radius of 18cm. If the cone and the

sphere have the same volume,then what is the height (in cm ) of the cone ?

Consider the given statement and decide which of the given

Assumptions is/are implicit in the statement. Statement: During a national emergency, even civilians can be deployed into the war field. Assumptions:

1. It shows the interest of civilians to safeguard their nation.
2. Due to insufficient military resources, the government has given an opportunity to their Civilians.

A statement is given followed by two courses of action numbered I and

II. Assuming that everything in the statement is true, decide which of the given Courses of action logically follow(s). Statement:

Many social-media celebrities advertise about intra-day trading in their videos about how easily anyone can make money. But they don’t show the negative aspect of it, i.e., about losing money. Courses of Action:

1. The government should ban advertisement of intra-day trading.
2. The government should make certain guidelines to advertise these kinds of apps.

If the quartile deviation of a series is 125,then the mean deviation of

the series is: (wrong question)

The ratio of the numbers of boys and girls in a school is 5:9,and the

total number of students is 224. If 64 girls left the school and some boys joined, the ratio becomes 6:5.Find the number of boys who joined?

Following are the criteria required to be fulfilled for getting admission

in a college for MSc Bioinformatics.

1. The candidate must have scored more than 70% marks in the Intermediate Science stream

2. The candidate must possess a graduation degree with Zoology, Botany, Mathematics or Computer Science with minimum 65% mars

3. The candidate should have cleared MSc entrance exam with at least 75% marks and interview with at least 65% marks

4. The candidate should be at least 21 years and at most 28 years as on 1 July 2022.

5. In case a candidate fulfills all the aforementioned criteria, except the required percentage as mentioned in (ii), but has scored 75% and above marks in the personal interview, then the case is to be referred to the Director of the college

6. In case a candidate fulfills all the criteria, except the maximum age criteria as mentioned in (iv), but belongs to the SC.ST community the case is to be referred to the SC/ST cell for consideration.

Mr. Rakesh Ram, who belongs to the ST community, qualified his Intermediate Science examination with five-seventh of ninety eight % marks. He secured 77% marks in the written entrance exam and two-third of one 112% marks in the interview. He secured 67% marks in BSc. Zoology in 2019. He was born on 26.06.1994.

5 men and women can earn Rs 2862 in 9 days and 9 men and 12

women can earn Rs 6000 in 8 days. In how many days can 7 men and 9 women earn Rs 11,991?

In an institute, 90 students have opted for English, 70 students for

Chemistry, 40 students for Mathematics, 30 students Economics, 10 students for Both English and Chemistry, 5 students for both Economics and Mathematics, 20 students for both English and Economics. How many students have opted for English only ?

Rhythm spends 16 ⅔ % of her monthly income on food, 5 5/19 % on

entertainment and 8 ⅓% on travelling. She saves the leftover money, which is Rs 15,900. Find the monthly income in Rs. No options given

A policeman saw a thief from a distance of 100 metres.He started

chasing him at a speed of 4 metres per second. On seeing the policeman,The thief

started running at a speed of 2 metres per second . Determine the distance run by the policeman to catch the thief. ( In metres)

A person distributed 72% of the money he had between Ram and Raj in

the ratio of 5 : 7 respectively. Ram and Raj deposited the amount received in a scheme offering 8% and 10% simple interest, respectively, for 10 years. Find the amount in Rs left with the person if the sum of interests earned by Ram and Raj after 10 years is Rs 6,600.

Study the following table and answer the question that follows

Percentage of marks obtained by 6 students in five different subjects in a school examination.

Student English Mathematics Science Hindi Social Studies

(50) (100) (100) (50) (75) Students

If simple interest is offered per year on a sum of money invested for

five years, the amount of money payable on maturity after the five years elapse is Rs. 2, 340. However, if the sum was invested for only two years , the amount payable on maturity would be 2016. What is the original sum invested?

1, 12, 3, 4, 15, 21 and 6, are names of people sitting in a row and all

are facing towards north. 15 is in the center, and 1 and 12th at the ends 3 is Sitting on the left of 15. 21 is sitting right of the one 6 change position with 12 and 12 sitting before 6. Then who is Sitting on the night of 15?(Might be error of 12 typed 2 times)

The following data shows the marks obtained by students in a class.

39 30 5 65 5 21 5 65 89 30 91 30 64 64 91 15 89 48 30 64 85 30 69 51 32 85 48 91 30 28 68 48 65 30 65 35 65 48 48 15 91 30 91 48 71 15 65 48 71 38 Find the mode of the class marks of the students.

Identify the error in the given sentence

I’m literally melting because it’s the hottest month of June; it’s 47 degrees out here

If B = 4 and F = 12 Then PUT =

Parts of the given sentence have been given as options. One of them

Contains a grammatical error. Select the option that has the error.

Negotiations have reached such a state as management and union leaders are Apprehensive that their differences can no longer be reconciled.

The median of the class mark is (For image- refer Q.1)

Each sentence in the given paragraph contains four underlined phrases.

Three of these phrases have been correctly used and one has been incorrectly used, Select the phrase form among the following options that best replaces the INCORRECT phrase in the sentence. The ability of the Sherpas to brave the vagaries of high altitudes has helped them to prosper and they have come along the way from being just porters to becoming mountaineers.

Find the arithmetic mean of the marks of the students (For image

refer Q.1):

A statement is given followed by two courses of action numbered I

and II. Assuming that everything in the statement in true,decide which of the given Courses of action logically follows: Statement: In the COVID-19 pandemic, it was seen that very few doctors were there for a huge mass of people Courses of Action:

1. The government should open more medical institutes.

2. The government should encourage private firms to invest in the medical sector

Select the most appropriate options to fill in the blanks in the given

passage The capacity of art (1) a strong source of its contemporary appeal. We are conscious that, individually and collectively, we (2) ; art can be valuable when it Disrupts or astonishes us.

Eight people A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H sit around a round table, each

facing the centre of the table. If A does not sit adjacent to B, then in how many ways they can sit around the table? Enter the answer in the space provided on the screen using the on-screen keyboard.

Following are the criteria to get a job in a drug firm

The applicant must:

1. have passed graduation with a Science subject with at least 60% of marks.
2. have completed 21 years (male) and 20 years (females) of age as on or before July 2016
3. iii. pay deposit as follows

Marks at graduation If son/daughter of staff If not son/daughter of staff 75% and above 10,000 12,000 61% to 74% 12,000 15,000 60% and below 15,000 20,000

However,

1. If the candidate has secured more than 90% marks at graduation, his/her Case should be referred to the Managing Director for consideration for further concession on the deposit.

2. In case of SC/ST candidates, the deposit payable is 25% less in each of the cases given in the above table

3. If the candidate remits the amount of deposit immediately on the date of the first call, the candidate can be selected provided he/she fulfills Conditions (i) and (i)

4. If on the date of the first call, the amount of deposit brought by the candidate eligible as per (i) and (ii) is less than the total amount required But more than three-fourth, the candidate can be provisionally selected provided he deposits his balance amount within the next ten days.

5. if on the date of first call, the amount of deposit brought is less than three- fourth but more than half, the candidate though eligible as per (i) and (ii) Can be referred to the Managing Director.

6. If on the date of the first call the amount of deposit brought is less than half, the candidate though eligible as per (i) and (ii),cannot be selected On the basis of the aforementioned criteria, decide which of the following options is correct for the given candidate. Prateek is a graduate in Science with 79% marks. He is a general category candidate and his father is a class one officer. His date of birth is 18 November

7. He has brought a deposit of 8,000/-

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the

passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank. We lit the candles, and (A) in our hands and knees. We went about two hundred yards, and then the cave opened up. Tom soon (B) under a wall where there was a hole. We went along a narrow passage and got into a kind of room, all damp and sweaty and cold, and there we stopped. Tom said, “Now, we’ll start this (C) of robbers and call it Tom Sawyer’s gang. Everybody that wants to join has got to take an oath, and write his name in blood.” Everybody was (D) . So, Tom got out a sheet of paper he had written the oath on and read it.

A statement is given followed by two courses of action I and II.

Assuming that everything is true, decide which of the given courses of action logically follow(s). Statement: Every year, many engineers graduate in India, but they are not getting jobs Courses of Action:

If x,y,z are positive integers such that x^8 = y^6 and x^3 = z^5 and

y^27 = z^m, then what is m? Enter the answer in the space provided on the screen using the on-screen keyboard.

In a certain code language, Words in capital letters in column I are

written in small letters in column II but the letters in column II are jumbled up.

Column 1 Column 2 TONE fbcz FACTOR sbkdzm RAP tmd HEAT mzpc Decode the language and select the correct code (coded letters in the proper order) for the word PARENT

In the following passage, some words have been deleted. Read the

passage carefully and select the most appropriate option to fill in each blank. Babies and Young children are sponges that soak in practically everything in their environments. It’s true!! Even during story time, their minds are at work, (1) all the language they hear and lessons the characters learn. (2) to your child – at any age – will boost their brain development, and your bond, and so much more. And all it takes is a few books, motivation and a (3) time. Reading provides a wonderful opportunity for you and your child to (4) . It’s a nice way to spend time together and slow down during an otherwise hectic day. Blank 1 (A) taking in, (B) taking up, (C) taking down, (D) taking off Blank 2 (A) Speaking, (B) Reading, (C) Writing, (D) Listening Blank 3 (A) little, (B) few, (C) bit, (D) Small Blank 4 (A) join, (B) attach, (C) relate, (D) connect

If the roots of the quadratic equation x^2 + ax + b = 0 are tan15

Degree and tan30 degree, respectively, then the value of 2+b-a is:

Consider a right circular cylinder (x-1)^2 + (x-2)^2= 16. What is the

volume of the portion of the cylinder bounded by the plane y=0 and x+y+z=10?

City police received a complaint from one of the foreign residents that he was bullied and manhandled by some people at a public place in the evening. During the investigation, one eye witness was located, who narrated about the incident and reported that he saw four people surrounding the foreigner and out of these four, one was holding the foreigner by his hair and the rest were all laughing at him. Should the police arrest the four persons identified by the eye witness and the victim foreigner?

Select the option in which the underlined idiom has been used

Appropriately.

1. Overcoming student debt rapidly may provide a psychological win. However, it is often penny-wise, pound-foolish; coming at the expense of long-term financial security.
2. I just think that it is penny-wise and pound-foolish if we invest in having a detailed Analysis done

Four idioms are given below. Choose their sequence that would fill in the

Blanks and complete the text given below My boss was caught red-handed while engaging in fraudulent activities and it’s time for him to for the upcoming inquisition by the board members. In the past, he has taken credit for my presentations, and now unbeknown to him, I am going to quietly in the next board meeting, there is no chance of him escaping the truth And he will have to its time that he gets his .

1. Face the music
2. Batten down the hatches
3. Comeuppance
4. Even the score

In a cafeteria, eight girls, Keerthi, Swetcha, Uma, Vani, Pari, Deepa,

Esha and Harini, are sitting around a circular table facing the center. Keerthi is sitting second to the left of Uma and third to the right of Swetcha. Deepa and Pari are the immediate neighbours of each other and one of them is an immediate neighbour of Keerthi. Vani is sitting second to the right of Esha. Harini is sitting second to the left of Deepa. Which of the following girls is sitting to the immediate right of Vani?

Let A and B be two independent events. If the probability that both A

and B happen is 1/30 and the probability that neither A nor B happens is 2/3, then the values of P(A) and P(B), respectively, are:

A question is given, followed by two statements labelled I and II.

identity which of the statements is/are sufficient to answer the question. Question: Five persons, Prakruthi, Qubal, Xavier, Yamuna and Zeol, are sitting around a circular table, with all of them facing towards the centre. Who sits to the immediate left of Qubal? Statements:

1. Prakruthi sits third to the right of Qubal. Xavier sits third to the right of Prakruthi.
2. Qubal sits to the immediate left of Xavier, who sits second to the left of Prakruthi. Yamuna does not sit adjacent to Qubal.

You never saw such a commotion (1) up and down in a house, in

all your life as when my uncle Podger undertook to do a job. A picture would have Come from the frame-maker’s and (2) be standing in the dining room waiting(3) to be put up and Aunt Podger would ask what was to be done with it and Uncle Podger would say, “Oh you leave that to me. Don’t you, any of you worry yourselves about that. I’ll do that.” And then he would take off his coat and begin. He would send the girl out for six-penorth of nails and then one of the boys after her to tell what size to get and from that he would gradually (4) work down and start And the whole house

Select the most appropriate set of idioms that would fill in the blanks

And complete the given passage According to the report released by the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network. Global warming has killed 14% of the world’s coral reefs in a decade and more will be (1) if oceans keep rising in temperature. “ Climate change is the biggest threat to the world’s reefs”, says Paul Hardsity, CEO of the Australian Institute of Marine science. These are clearly (2) toward coral loss and we can expect these to continue if we (3) and do nothing to reverse the change. As per the report Corals in many parts of the Asia and Gulf are amongst the (4)

Yukti, Sonal, Rashi, Mahak, Anjali and Kuhu are girls living in the

same society. No two girls are of the same age, but all have birthdays on the same date. The youngest is seven years old and the oldest is Anjali is twelve years old. Kuhu is somewhere between Sonal and Mahak in age. Yukti is older than Sonal. Rashi is older than Mahak. Which of the following is NOT possible?

Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange

the sentences in the correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph.

1. While firms have always had significant market power over their workers, what has Changed recently is the weakening of collective bargaining which allows workers to Challenge powerful firms in wage negotiations.
2. Some ascribe continued low industrial wages to the concentration of power in the hands of a few firms, but this is only part of the story.
3. Since the 1980’s, politicians have been freeing one side of the labor market in the name of competition – by restricting the power of trade unions – but doing very little about the power of firms.
4. Wages are also affected by firms colluding tacity: an estimated one in five jobs in the US is now covered by a “non-complete” clause, which restricts workers from moving to rival firms.

Sentences of a paragraph are given below in jumbled order. Arrange

the sentences in correct order to form a meaningful and coherent paragraph

1. In some places in China, the loss of insects is so great that armies of people have to fan out to pollinate crops by hand, in the absence of insects doing these jobs.
2. Insects populations worldwide are under threat: an estimated 40% of all the species are Declining and one-third of them are endangered
3. Habitat loss often implies the destructions of rainforests, but the processes can be more mundane ; the conversion of a field of wildflowers into a mail would have the same effect for insects
4. The decline in the world’s insect populations is bad news as they play critical roles in pollinating plants, breaking down waste in forest soil and forming the base of a food Chain we rely upon

For the four sentence (S1 to S4) paragraph below, sentences S1 and S4

are given, From P,Q, R and S, select the appropriate sentences for S2 and S3 respectively. S1. Just last week, the Victorian Court of Appeal significantly reduced the sentence given to Akon Guode, a mother of three children who killed three of her children. S2.

S3.

S4. Surveys have shown that almost half of Australian prison entrants report being Affected by a mental disorder.

1. With that in mind, how are mental health issues taken into account during the criminal justice process?
2. The main reason for the 8 1/2 year sentence reduction was that the judge had not sufficiently taken Goude’s major depression into account.
3. It is common for offenders to have mental health problems.
4. Each of these principles is mitigating, they point towards a more lenient sentence being given.

Select the most appropriate meaning of the underlined idiom in the

following sentence The financial year closing has all of us snowed under.

Select the most appropriate meaning of the underlined idiom in the

following sentence Ritesh is a person who behaves like a servant by always obeying

Select the most appropriate option to fill in the blanks in the given

passage. Alarge number of industries (1) post-independence India in the private, public, and joint sectors. Bhilai, Bokaro, Ranchi, Jamshedpur, Renukoot, etc, (2) emerged as major centers during the first one and a half decades of independence

Given below is a paragraph with five sentences, which are presented in

a jumbled order. Write down the best order (e.g ABCDE) which would form a meaningful unified, and coherent paragraph:

1. Extreme ghosting can be considered gaslighting-the practice of manipulating somebody psychologically so that they doubt their sanity or understanding of a situation
2. The practice of ending a relationship without explaining to the partner and avoiding any Communication attempts is named ghosting. Orbiting is identical to ghosting but the Disengager still visibly follows the former partner on social media.

For the four sentence (S1 to S4) paragraph below, sentences S1 and S4

are given, From P,Q, R and S, select the appropriate sentences for S2 and S3 respectively. S1. One Kashmiri morning in the early spring of 1915, my grandfather hit his nose Against a frost-hardened tussock of earth while attempting to pray. S2.

S3.

S4. At that moment, he resolved never again to kiss earth for any god or man.

1. Three drops of blood plopped out of his left nostril, hardened instantly in the brittle air, And lay before his eyes on the prayer mat, transformed into rubies.

Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow

In his book In Our Own Image (2015), the artificial intelligence expert George Zarkadakis describes six different metaphors people have employed over the past 2,000 years to try to explain human intelligence.

In the earliest one, eventually preserved in the Bible, humans were formed from clay or dirt, which an intelligent god then infused with its spirit. That spirit explained our intelligence – grammatically, at least. The invention of hydraulic engineering in the 3rd century BCE led to the popularity of a hydraulic model of human intelligence, the idea that the flow of different fluids in the body-the ‘humours’ – accounted for both our physical and mental functioning. The hydraulic metaphor persisted for more than 1,700 years, handicapping medical practice all the while.

By the 1500s, automata powered by springs and gears had been devised, eventually inspiring leading thinkers such as René Descartes to assert that humans are Complex machines. In the 1600s, the British philosopher Thomas Hobbes suggested that thinking arose from small mechanical motions in the brain. By the 1700s, Discoveries about electricity and chemistry led to new ones of human intelligence again largely metaphorical in nature. In the mid-1800s, inspired by recent advances in Communications, the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz compared the brain to a telegraph Each metaphor reflected the most advanced thinking of the era that spawned it. Predictably just a few years after the dawn of computer technology in the 1940s, the brain was said to operate like a computer, with the role of physical hardware played by the brain itself and our thoughts serving as software. The landmark event that launched what is now broadly called cognitive science was the publication of Language and Communication (1951) by the psychologist George Mifer. Mier proposed that the mental world could be studied rigorously using concepts from information theory computation and linguistics. This land of thinking was taken to its ultimate expression in the short book The Computer and the Brain (1958), in which the mathematician John von Neamenn stated tally that the function of the human nervous system is prima facie digital Though he acknowledged that little was actually known about the role the brain played in human reasoning and memory, they drew parallel after parallel between the components of the computing machines of the day and the components of the human brain. Propelled by subsequent advances in both computer technology and brain research, An ambitious multidisciplinary effort to understand human intelligence gradually Developed, firmly rooted in the idea that humans are, like computers, Information processors. This effort now involves thousands of researchers, consumes billions of dollars in funding, and has a vast literature consisting of both technical and mainstream articles and books. Ray Kurzwell’s book How to Create a Mind: The Secret of Human Thought Revealed (2013), exemplifies this perspective, speculating about the algorithms of the brain, how the brain processes data’, and even how it superficially resembles integrated circuits in its structure. The information processing (IP) metaphor of human intelligence now dominates human thinking both on the street and in the sciences. There is virtually no form of Discourse about intelligent human behavior that proceeds without employing this metaphor, just as no form of discourse about intelligent human behavior could proceed in pertan eras and cultures without reference to a spirit or deity. The validity of the IP metaphor in today sold is generally assumed without question But the IP metaphor is, after all, just another metaphor-a story we tell to make sense of something we don’t actually understand, And like all the metaphors that preceded it will certainly be cast aside at some point- either replaced by another metaphor or in the end, replaced by actual knowledge.

Is George Zaekadkis postulating that God’s creation of man is an

Artificial intelligence experiment?

The concept of ‘humors’ was prevalent in large swathes of the globe

for nearly two thousand years. What do you infer was the reason for its unprecedented popularity?

1. From ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and India medicine was an area of interest. Dhanvantan in 2000 BC and Hiprocrates in 3BC described four basic elements making up man and solutions to ailments arising due to imbalance. These worked and served too well for 1600-1700 years!

Would you infer this sentence to be satirical, critical, resigned or

appraising – ‘Each metaphor reflected the most advanced thinking of the era that spawned it.” Which option seems closest in meaning?

Would you infer that IP is the acme of discovery about the nature of the

Brain?

She sent him kites. They came in a trim balsa wood box-light as paper

but large. At Canning’s harbor, postmen admired the alien markings on its wrapper. ‘From where?’ asked a new recruit. The experienced ones smiled. Like a giant street sign, it rode on a cycle rickshaw, the hooting puller struggling to clear its delicate edges from the start of the dock. Then, it sat on the ferry, all tidy and proper held by a proud mailman. It crossed the Matla without spilling a drop on its canvas-brown cover neatly tied with black cord. Chattering kids formed a circle around it peasants gawked over their drooping shoulders, even the bearded sadhu abandoned contemplation of waves for a quick glance. It was a safe passage barring a few jabs from little grimy fingers checking the box for what was inside. At Shonal the landing was tricky-the swollen river had drowned the island’s meager jetty. Men formed a human chain on the slippery bank and the box passed from one pair of outstretched arms to another, pausing briefly at each transfer. When it reached the dry shore, an eager crowd cleared its way to yet another rickshaw. From there it moved smoothly through village paths lined with the swaying tamarind and neem, ignored by sleeping Dogs, treated by more children, creaking slightly at uneven bends. His aunt received the box like a returning bride. Waiting with neighbors in front of their yellow-and-white home, the only one in cement and brick, she let the younger women welcome it indoors-to his room. There, it sat all afternoon in the cone of a shadow listening to the purr of mating cats, in the company of an unmade bed and a dresser full of knick-knacks, facing a painting of a rising sun over a flaming volcano.

Entering the room, Snehamoy closed the door behind him, feeling faint from the heat and the day’s excitement. Fellow teachers arriving late had informed him of a certain box that bore his name -in English, along with markings in an alien alphabet-making its way over the Matla. Finishing his lecture, he had announced a snap test in arithmetic, giving him time to think. Exactly at four, after the bell had rung announcing the end of the school day, he had mounted his cycle and made his way back through the rustling trees. Once inside, he stood facing the box propped up by his bed like a timid visitor, then started unwrapping the canvas-brown cover just as impatiently as he had opened his wife’s first letter from Japan, twenty years ago, similarly marked with two alphabets.

Which of the following statements does NOT hold good as per the

passage?

On the basis of the information given in the passage, what may be

Deduced as the most correct option?