← Papers

300 PYQs

309 questions · 31 sections

QUANTITATIVE APTITUDECOMPUTER FUNDAMENTALSSOFTWARE ENGINEERINGWEB TECHNOLOGIESCLOUD COMPUTINGCYBERSECURITYARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & MLPUZZLES & BRAIN TEASERSAPTITUDE - TIME & WORKAPTITUDE - TIME & DISTANCEAPTITUDE - PROBABILITYLOGICAL REASONINGTECHNICAL CONCEPTSMORE PROGRAMMINGADDITIONAL APTITUDEDATA INTERPRETATIONMORE TECHNICALLOGICAL & ANALYTICALGENERAL COMPUTER KNOWLEDGEADVANCED PROGRAMMINGMORE APTITUDE PROBLEMSSYSTEM DESIGN BASICSVERBAL ABILITYFINAL QUESTIONSADDITIONAL CONCEPTSPROGRAMMING CONCEPTSDATABASE MANAGEMENTNETWORKINGOPERATING SYSTEMSDATA STRUCTURESALGORITHMS
0 / 309 viewed
QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE
Q1

If a train travels 120 km in 2 hours, what is its speed?

Speed = Distance/Time = 120/2 = 60 km/h
Q2

What is 25% of 400?

25% of 400 = (25/100) × 400 = 100
Q3

If 5x + 3 = 28, then x = ?

5x + 3 = 28 → 5x = 25 → x = 5
Q4

The average of 5 numbers is 20. If one number is excluded, the average

Becomes 15. What is the excluded number?

Sum of 5 numbers = 5 × 20 = 100. Sum of 4 numbers = 4 × 15 = 60. Excluded
Q5

A man buys an article for ₹500 and sells it for ₹600. What is his profit

percentage?

Profit = 600 - 500 = 100. Profit% = (100/500) × 100 = 20%
Q6

Find the next number in the series: 2, 6, 12, 20, ?

Differences: 4, 6, 8, 10. Next difference = 10, so 20 + 10 = 30
Q7

If the ratio of A:B is 3:4 and B:C is 2:3, what is A:C?

A:B = 3:4, B:C = 2:3. Making B common: A:B:C = 3:4 and 4:6, so A:C = 3:6 = 1:2
Q8

A pipe can fill a tank in 6 hours. Another pipe can empty it in 8 hours. If

Both are open, how long to fill the tank?

Net filling rate = 1/6 - 1/8 = 1/24 per hour. Time = 24 hours
Q9

Simple Interest on ₹1000 at 5% per annum for 2 years is?

SI = (P × R × T)/100 = (1000 × 5 × 2)/100 = ₹100
Q10

If 2^x = 32, then x = ?

2^x = 32 = 2^5, therefore x = 5
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
Q91

What is the full form of CPU?

CPU stands for Central Processing Unit.
Q92

Which is a volatile memory?

RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile and loses data when power is off.
Q93

What is the smallest unit of data in computer?

Bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of data, can be 0 or 1.
Q94

How many bits are in a byte?

A byte consists of 8 bits.
Q95

Which is an input device?

Keyboard is an input device used to enter data.
Q96

What does GUI stand for?

GUI stands for Graphical User Interface.
Q97

Which number system uses base 16?

Hexadecimal uses base 16 (digits 0-9 and A-F).
Q98

What is firmware?

Firmware is permanent software programmed into read-only memory.
Q99

Which gate gives output 1 only when all inputs are 1?

AND gate outputs 1 only when all inputs are 1.
Q100

What is clock speed measured in?

Clock speed is measured in Hertz (cycles per second).
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Q101

Which is NOT a phase of SDLC?

Marketing is not a phase of Software Development Life Cycle.
Q102

What is waterfall model?

Waterfall is a sequential software development model where phases flow
Q103

What is unit testing?

Unit testing tests individual components or modules of software.
Q104

What does UML stand for?

UML stands for Unified Modeling Language.
Q105

Which is an agile methodology?

Scrum is an agile software development methodology.
Q106

What is version control?

Version control manages changes to code and tracks different versions.
Q107

What is regression testing?

Regression testing ensures existing functionality still works after changes.
Q108

What is a sprint in Agile?

Sprint is a time-boxed iteration (typically 2-4 weeks) in Agile development.
Q109

What is black box testing?

Black box testing focuses on functionality without knowing internal
Q110

What is code review?

Code review is systematic examination of code by peers to find defects and
WEB TECHNOLOGIES
Q111

What does HTML stand for?

HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
Q112

Which tag is used for largest heading?

<h1> tag creates the largest heading in HTML.
Q113

What does CSS stand for?

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets.
Q114

Which is a JavaScript framework?

React is a popular JavaScript library/framework for building UIs.
Q115

What is the purpose of

tag?

<div> tag is a container used to group HTML elements.
Q116

Which HTTP method is used to send data to server?

POST method is commonly used to send data to server.
Q117

What is AJAX?

AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML.
Q118

Which is a backend language?

Python is commonly used as a backend programming language.
Q119

What is Bootstrap?

Bootstrap is a popular CSS framework for responsive web design.
Q120

What does API stand for?

API stands for Application Programming Interface.
CLOUD COMPUTING
Q121

What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing delivers computing services (servers, storage, databases) over the
Q122

Which is a cloud service provider?

AWS (Amazon Web Services) is a major cloud service provider.
Q123

What is IaaS?

IaaS stands for Infrastructure as a Service.
Q124

Which is NOT a cloud deployment model?

Local Cloud is not a standard cloud deployment model.
Q125

What is SaaS?

SaaS stands for Software as a Service.
Q126

Which service provides virtual machines?

IaaS provides virtualized computing resources including virtual machines.
Q127

What is virtualization?

Virtualization creates virtual versions of hardware, storage, or network resources.
Q128

Which company owns Azure?

Microsoft Azure is Microsoft's cloud computing platform.
Q129

What is scalability in cloud?

Scalability is the ability to increase or decrease resources based on demand.
Q130

What is cloud storage?

Cloud storage stores data on remote servers accessible via internet.
CYBERSECURITY
Q131

What is encryption?

Encryption converts data into coded form to prevent unauthorized access.
Q132

What is a firewall?

Firewall is a security system that monitors and controls network traffic.
Q133

What is phishing?

Phishing is a fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information by disguising as
Q134

What does VPN stand for?

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network.
Q135

What is malware?

Malware is malicious software designed to harm computer systems.
Q136

What is two-factor authentication?

Two-factor authentication requires two different forms of verification for security.
Q137

What is ransomware?

Ransomware encrypts victim's files and demands ransom payment for decryption.
Q138

What is SSL?

SSL stands for Secure Sockets Layer, used for secure communication.
Q139

What is a DDoS attack?

DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) overwhelms a system with traffic from
Q140

What is a strong password characteristic?

Strong passwords contain combination of uppercase, lowercase, numbers, and
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE & ML
Q141

What does AI stand for?

AI stands for Artificial Intelligence.
Q142

What is machine learning?

Machine learning enables systems to learn and improve from experience without
Q143

Which is a supervised learning algorithm?

Linear Regression is a supervised learning algorithm.
Q144

What is neural network inspired by?

Neural networks are inspired by biological neural networks in human brain.
Q145

What is deep learning?

Deep learning uses neural networks with multiple layers to learn complex patterns.
Q146

What is NLP?

NLP stands for Natural Language Processing.
Q147

Which is an unsupervised learning technique?

Clustering is an unsupervised learning technique.
Q148

What is overfitting in ML?

 A) Model performs too well on training data but poorly on new data ✓

Overfitting occurs when model learns training data too well, including noise,
Q149

What is a training set?

Training set is data used to train and teach machine learning model.
Q150

What is computer vision?

Computer vision enables computers to derive information from digital images and
PUZZLES & BRAIN TEASERS
Q151

A clock shows 3:15. What is the angle between hour and minute hands?

Hour hand at 3:15 = 97.5°, Minute hand at 15 min = 90°. Angle = 7.5°
Q152

If 5 cats catch 5 mice in 5 minutes, how many cats catch 100 mice in 100

minutes?

Rate remains same. 5 cats catch 1 mouse per minute. So 5 cats catch 100 mice in
Q153

A man has 3 daughters. Each daughter has 1 brother. How many

Children does he have?

3 daughters + 1 son (common brother to all) = 4 children
Q154

What comes next: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ?

Fibonacci series: Each number is sum of previous two. 5+8=13
Q155

A bat and ball cost ₹110. The bat costs ₹100 more than ball. What does

Ball cost?

Let ball = x, bat = x+100. So x + x+100 = 110, 2x = 10, x = ₹5
Q156

How many times do clock hands overlap in 24 hours?

Hands overlap 11 times in 12 hours (not at 11 o'clock). So 22 times in 24 hours.
Q157

A father is 3 times as old as son. In 12 years, he’ll be twice as old. Son’s

Current age?

Let son = x, father = 3x. After 12 years: 3x+12 = 2(x+12), x = 12
Q158

How many squares are on a chessboard?

8²+7²+6²+5²+4²+3²+2²+1² = 64+49+36+25+16+9+4+1 = 204
Q159

A book has 500 pages. How many times does digit 1 appear in page

numbers?

Units: 50 (1,11,21...491), Tens: 100 (10-19,110-119...), Hundreds: 50 (100-199) =
Q160

What is 1/2 of 2/3 of 3/4 of 4/5 of 100?

(1/2)×(2/3)×(3/4)×(4/5)×100 = (1×2×3×4×100)/(2×3×4×5) = 20
APTITUDE - TIME & WORK
Q161

A can do work in 10 days, B in 15 days. Together in how many days?

A's rate = 1/10, B's rate = 1/15. Combined = 1/10 + 1/15 = 5/30 = 1/6. Time = 6
Q162

12 men complete work in 9 days. How many men for 6 days?

Total work = 12×9 = 108 man-days. Men needed = 108/6 = 18
Q163

A is twice as efficient as B. A takes 10 days. How long does B take?

If A takes 10 days and is twice as efficient, B takes 2×10 = 20 days
Q164

6 men and 8 boys can do work in 10 days. 26 men and 48 boys in 2 days.

How long for 15 men and 20 boys?

From equations, find man and boy's daily work, then calculate for 15 men and 20
Q165

A works 3 times faster than B. Together they finish in 12 days. How

long does B alone take?

Let B take x days. A takes x/3 days. 1/x + 3/x = 1/12, 4/x = 1/12, x = 48
APTITUDE - TIME & DISTANCE
Q166

A car travels 60 km in 1 hour. How far in 2.5 hours?

Distance = Speed × Time = 60 × 2.5 = 150 km
Q167

Two trains 120m and 80m long running at 60 km/h and 40 km/h cross

each other in?

Relative speed = 100 km/h = 27.78 m/s. Total distance = 200m. Time = 200/27.78
Q168

A man walks 5 km North, 3 km East, 2 km North, 4 km East. How far

from start?

Total North = 7 km, Total East = 7 km. Distance = √(7²+7²) = √98 = 7√2 ≈ 9.9 ≈
Q169

Speed of boat in still water is 15 km/h, stream speed is 3 km/h. Speed

Downstream?

Downstream speed = Boat speed + Stream speed = 15 + 3 = 18 km/h
Q170

A person covers half distance at 40 km/h and remaining at 60 km/h.

Average speed?

Average speed = 2xy/(x+y) = 2×40×60/100 = 48 km/h
APTITUDE - PROBABILITY
Q171

Probability of getting a prime number when a die is rolled?

Prime numbers on die: 2, 3, 5. Probability = 3/6 = 1/2
Q172

Two coins are tossed. Probability of getting at least one head?

Outcomes: HH, HT, TH, TT. At least one head: 3 out of 4 = 3/4
Q173

A bag has 3 red, 4 blue, 5 green balls. Probability of drawing a blue ball?

Total balls = 12. Blue balls = 4. Probability = 4/12 = 1/3
Q174

Two dice rolled. Probability of sum being 7?

Combinations for 7: (1,6),(2,5),(3,4),(4,3),(5,2),(6,1) = 6 out of 36 = 1/6
Q175

A card is drawn from 52 cards. Probability of getting a king?

Kings in deck = 4. Probability = 4/52 = 1/13
LOGICAL REASONING
Q11

If all roses are flowers and some flowers are red, which statement is

Definitely true?

From "all roses are flowers," we can conclude that some flowers must be roses.
Q12

Find the odd one out: 3, 9, 27, 81, 243, 729, 2188

All are powers of 3 except 2188 (3^0=1, 3^1=3, 3^2=9, 3^3=27, 3^4=81, 3^5=243,
Q13

If CODING is written as DPEJOH, how is MOTHER written?

Each letter is shifted by +1 position. M→N, O→P, T→U, H→I, E→F, R→S
Q14

Statement: All managers are employees. Some employees are engineers.

Conclusion: Some managers are engineers.

The conclusion doesn't necessarily follow from the premises.
Q15

In a certain code, FRIEND is written as HUMJTK. How is SISTER

written?

Each letter is shifted by +2 positions.
Q16

What comes next in the sequence: Z, X, V, T, ?

Decreasing by 2 letters each time: Z(-2)=X, X(-2)=V, V(-2)=T, T(-2)=R
Q17

If A = 1, B = 2, C = 3… what is the value of COMPUTER?

C(3)+O(15)+M(13)+P(16)+U(21)+T(20)+E(5)+R(18) = 99
Q18

Blood Relations: A is B’s sister. B is C’s father. D is C’s sister. How is A

related to D?

A is B's sister, and B is C and D's father, so A is their aunt.
Q19

Direction: Ram walks 5m North, then 3m East, then 5m South. How far

is he from starting point?

He ends up 3m East of his starting point.
Q20

If 5 Monday falls on 7th day of a month, what day is the 27th?

7th is Monday, 14th is Monday, 21st is Monday, 28th is Monday. So 27th is
TECHNICAL CONCEPTS
Q176

What is polymorphism in OOP?

Polymorphism means ability to take many forms, allowing methods to do different
Q177

What is inheritance?

Inheritance allows a class to acquire properties and methods from another class.
Q178

What is abstraction?

Abstraction hides complex implementation and shows only necessary information.
Q179

What is an interface in Java?

Interface is a completely abstract class that contains only abstract methods.
Q180

What is garbage collection?

Garbage collection automatically frees memory by removing unused objects.
Q181

What is constructor?

Constructor is a special method called when object is created to initialize it.
Q182

What is method overloading?

Method overloading allows multiple methods with same name but different
Q183

What is exception handling?

Exception handling is mechanism to handle runtime errors to maintain normal
Q184

What is a static variable?

Static variable belongs to class rather than instances and is shared among all
Q185

What is a package in Java?

Package is a namespace that organizes related classes and interfaces.
MORE PROGRAMMING
Q186

What is recursion?

Recursion is when a function calls itself to solve a problem.
Q187

What is the base case in recursion?

Base case is the condition that stops recursive calls.
Q188

What is an array?

Array is a data structure that stores collection of elements of same type.
Q189

What is string immutability?

In many languages, strings are immutable - once created, their content cannot be
Q190

What is the difference between == and equals()?

In Java, == compares object references while equals() compares object content.
Q191

What is final keyword?

Final keyword restricts modification: variable becomes constant, method cannot be
Q192

What is an abstract class?

Abstract class cannot be instantiated and may contain abstract methods.
Q193

What is difference between abstract class and interface?

Abstract class can have both abstract and concrete methods, interface (traditionally)
Q194

What is ArrayList?

ArrayList is a resizable array implementation of List interface.
Q195

What is HashMap?

HashMap stores data in key-value pairs and uses hashing for fast access.
ADDITIONAL APTITUDE
Q196

If x² - 5x + 6 = 0, what are values of x?

(x-2)(x-3) = 0, so x = 2 or x = 3
Q197

√(0.0001) = ?

√(0.0001) = √(1/10000) = 1/100 = 0.01
Q199

What is 15% of 15% of 200?

15% of 200 = 30. Then 15% of 30 = 4.5
Q200

The LCM of 12 and 18 is?

12 = 2²×3, 18 = 2×3². LCM = 2²×3² = 36
DATA INTERPRETATION
Q201

In a class of 50 students, 30 play cricket, 25 play football, 15 play both.

How many play neither?

Using set theory: Total = Cricket + Football - Both + Neither. 50 = 30 + 25 - 15 +
Q202

A pie chart shows: 30% North, 25% South, 20% East, 25% West. If

total is 1000, how many in East?

20% of 1000 = 200
Q203

Sales increased from 500 to 600. What is percentage increase?

Increase = 100. Percentage = (100/500)×100 = 20%
Q204

Average of 5 numbers is 40. If one number is removed, average

Becomes 35. What is removed number?

Sum of 5 = 200. Sum of 4 = 140. Removed = 200-140 = 60
Q205

If A:B = 2:3 and B:C = 4:5, then A:B:C is?

A:B = 2:3 = 8:12 and B:C = 4:5 = 12:15. Therefore A:B:C = 8:12:15
MORE TECHNICAL
Q206

What is big data?

Big data refers to extremely large datasets that traditional data processing software
Q207

What is blockchain?

Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that records transactions across
Q208

What is IoT?

IoT stands for Internet of Things - network of physical devices connected to
Q209

What is DevOps?

DevOps is a culture combining software development and IT operations for faster
Q210

What is Docker?

Docker is a platform for developing, shipping, and running applications in
Q211

What is microservices architecture?

Microservices architecture structures application as collection of loosely coupled
Q212

What is REST API?

REST API is an architectural style for designing networked applications using
Q213

What is JSON?

JSON is a lightweight data interchange format that is easy for humans and
Q214

What is Agile methodology?

Agile is an iterative approach to software development emphasizing flexibility and
Q215

What is CI/CD?

CI/CD automates software delivery process from code integration to deployment.
LOGICAL & ANALYTICAL
Q216

If 2 = 6, 3 = 12, 4 = 20, 5 = 30, then 6 = ?

Pattern: n × (n+1) × 1. So 6 × 7 = 42
Q217

Which number is different: 121, 144, 169, 189, 225?

All are perfect squares except 189 (11², 12², 13², 14²=196, 15²)
Q218

A is taller than B, C is shorter than D, B is taller than D. Who is

shortest?

A>B>D>C, therefore C is shortest
Q219

Complete series: AZ, BY, CX, DW, ?

First letter increases A→B→C→D→E, Second letter decreases
Q220

If BEAR is coded as YVZI, how is LION coded?

Each letter shifts backward: L→Q(+5), I→R(-9→+17), O→R(+3), N→L(-2)...
Q221

Statement: All birds can fly. Sparrow is a bird. Conclusion?

Following logical deduction: All birds fly, sparrow is bird, therefore sparrow can
Q222

Mirror image of CLOCK at 3:00?

In mirror, 3:00 appears as 9:00
Q223

How many triangles in a figure with 4 intersecting lines?

Depends on arrangement. Without specific figure, it varies.
Q224

If South-East becomes North, what does North-West become?

SE→N means 135° clockwise rotation. NW→E with same rotation.
Q225

A cube is painted red on all faces, then cut into 27 small cubes. How

many have 2 faces painted?

Edge cubes (not corners) have 2 painted faces. 3×3×3 cube has 12 edge pieces.
GENERAL COMPUTER KNOWLEDGE
Q226

Who is known as father of computers?

Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine, considered first computer.
Q227

What does USB stand for?

USB stands for Universal Serial Bus.
Q228

What is the brain of computer?

CPU (Central Processing Unit) is considered the brain of computer.
Q229

Which is fastest memory?

Cache memory is the fastest memory in computer hierarchy.
Q230

What is the full form of BIOS?

BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System.
Q231

Which company developed Windows?

Microsoft developed the Windows operating system.
Q232

What is the extension of Word document?

Microsoft Word documents use .docx extension (or .doc for older versions).
Q233

What does WWW stand for?

WWW stands for World Wide Web.
Q234

Which protocol is used for browsing?

HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is used for web browsing.
Q235

What is phishing?

Phishing is fraudulent attempt to obtain sensitive information by disguising as
ADVANCED PROGRAMMING
Q236

What is lambda function?

Lambda function is an anonymous (unnamed) function defined using lambda
Q237

What is difference between list and tuple in Python?

Lists can be modified after creation, tuples cannot be changed.
Q238

What does API stand for?

API stands for Application Programming Interface.
Q239

What is the difference between GET and POST?

GET appends parameters to URL, POST sends data in request body (more secure).
Q240

What is callback function?

Callback is a function passed as argument to be executed later.
Q241

What is async/await?

Async/await provides cleaner syntax for handling asynchronous operations.
Q242

What is closure in JavaScript?

Closure is when inner function has access to outer function's variables.
Q243

What is hoisting?

Hoisting is JavaScript's behavior of moving declarations to top of scope.
Q244

What is promise in JavaScript?

Promise represents the eventual completion (or failure) of an asynchronous
Q245

What is DOM?

DOM stands for Document Object Model, programming interface for HTML
MORE APTITUDE PROBLEMS
Q246

A sum becomes 3 times in 20 years at simple interest. What is the rate?

If sum becomes 3x, interest = 2x. SI = (P×R×T)/100. 2P = (P×R×20)/100. R = 10%
Q247

What is compound interest on ₹1000 at 10% for 2 years?

CI = P(1+R/100)^T - P = 1000(1.1)² - 1000 = 1210 - 1000 = ₹210
Q248

A mixture contains milk and water in ratio 5:3. If 8 liters water added,

ratio becomes 5:5. Find initial quantity.

Let milk=5x, water=3x. After adding: 5x:(3x+8)=5:5. 5x=3x+8, x=4. Total=32
Q249

Cost price is ₹800, marked price is ₹1000, discount is 10%. Find profit

percentage.

Selling price = 1000×0.9 = ₹900. Profit = 900-800 = ₹100. Profit% = 100/800×100
Q250

If a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:5, find a+b+c if c=20.

b:c = 4:5, if c=20, then b=16. a:b = 2:3, if b=16, then a=32/3... Actually b=16
SYSTEM DESIGN BASICS
Q251

What is load balancing?

Load balancing distributes incoming network traffic across multiple servers.
Q252

What is caching?

Caching stores copies of frequently accessed data in faster storage.
Q253

What is horizontal scaling?

Horizontal scaling (scale-out) means adding more machines to distribute load.
Q254

What is vertical scaling?

Vertical scaling (scale-up) means adding more CPU, RAM to existing machine.
Q255

What is database sharding?

Sharding splits large database into smaller, faster pieces across multiple servers.
Q256

What is CDN?

CDN is geographically distributed network of servers that deliver content
Q257

What is message queue?

Message queue enables asynchronous communication between distributed systems.
Q258

What is database indexing?

Index is data structure that improves speed of data retrieval operations.
Q259

What is eventual consistency?

Eventual consistency means system will become consistent over time without
Q260

What is stateless architecture?

Stateless architecture means server doesn't retain client state between requests.
VERBAL ABILITY
Q21

Choose the correct synonym for “Benevolent”

Benevolent means kind and generous.
Q22

Choose the antonym for “Abundant”

Scarce is the opposite of abundant.
Q23

Fill in the blank: She is intelligent than her brother.

"More" is used for comparative degree.
Q24

Choose the correctly spelled word

Accommodate has double 'c' and double 'm'.
Q25

Identify the error: “Neither of the two students are present today.”

"Neither" takes a singular verb, so it should be "is present" not "are present".
Q26

Choose the correct sentence

"Taller than me" is grammatically correct in informal usage.
Q27

What is the meaning of the idiom “A piece of cake”?

"A piece of cake" means something very easy to do.
Q28

Choose the passive voice: “The teacher teaches the students.”

Passive voice structure: Object + be verb + past participle + by + subject
Q29

One word substitution for “A person who loves books”

Bibliophile means a lover of books.
Q30

Choose the correct preposition: “He is good mathematics.”

"Good at" is the correct phrase.
FINAL QUESTIONS
Q261

Binary of decimal 10 is?

10 = 8+2 = 2³+2¹ = 1010 in binary
Q262

Hexadecimal of decimal 15 is?

In hexadecimal: 10=A, 11=B, 12=C, 13=D, 14=E, 15=F
Q263

2’s complement of 0101 is?

1's complement = 1010, then add 1 = 1011
Q264

Which is NOT a type of network topology?

Square is not a standard network topology.
Q265

Full form of LAN?

LAN stands for Local Area Network.
Q266

What is MAC address?

MAC is unique identifier assigned to network interface controller.
Q267

Which layer has IP protocol?

IP (Internet Protocol) operates at Network Layer (Layer 3).
Q268

Full form of FTP?

FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol.
Q269

Which is a search engine?

Google is a popular search engine.
Q270

What is compiler?

Compiler translates entire source code into machine code before execution.
Q271

Difference between compiler and interpreter?

Compiler translates entire code at once, interpreter translates and executes line by
Q272

What is syntax error?

Syntax error occurs when code violates programming language rules.
Q273

What is runtime error?

Runtime error occurs during program execution, like division by zero.
Q274

What is logical error?

Logical error means program compiles and runs but gives incorrect results.
Q275

What is algorithm?

Algorithm is finite sequence of well-defined instructions to solve problem.
Q276

What is pseudocode?

Pseudocode is informal way of describing algorithm using plain language.
Q277

What is flowchart?

Flowchart visually represents steps of algorithm using symbols.
Q278

Which symbol starts/ends flowchart?

Oval or ellipse represents start/end terminal in flowcharts.
Q279

Which symbol represents decision in flowchart?

Diamond represents decision/conditional statement in flowcharts.
Q280

What is debugging?

Debugging is process of finding and removing errors from program.
ADDITIONAL CONCEPTS
Q281

What is MVC architecture?

MVC is design pattern separating application into Model, View, and Controller.
Q282

What is Git?

Git is distributed version control system for tracking code changes.
Q283

What is GitHub?

GitHub is cloud-based platform for hosting and collaborating on Git repositories.
Q284

What is SQL injection?

SQL injection is code injection technique exploiting security vulnerabilities in
Q285

What is XSS attack?

XSS injects malicious scripts into trusted websites.
Q286

What is CSRF?

CSRF tricks user into executing unwanted actions on authenticated website.
Q287

What is OAuth?

OAuth is authorization framework allowing third-party access without sharing
Q288

What is JWT?

JWT is compact, URL-safe token for securely transmitting information.
Q289

What is HTTPS?

HTTPS is secure version of HTTP using SSL/TLS encryption.
Q290

What is cookie?

Cookie is small piece of data stored on user's computer by web browser.
Q291

What is session?

Session maintains state about user across multiple requests on server side.
Q292

What is token-based authentication?

Token-based authentication uses generated tokens instead of credentials for each
Q293

What is singleton pattern?

Singleton ensures class has only one instance with global access point.
Q294

What is factory pattern?

Factory pattern creates objects without exposing creation logic to client.
Q295

What is observer pattern?

Observer pattern notifies dependent objects of state changes automatically.
Q296

What is dependency injection?

Dependency injection provides object's dependencies from external source.
Q297

What is unit test?

Unit testing verifies individual components work correctly in isolation.
Q298

What is integration testing?

Integration testing verifies that different modules work together correctly.
Q299

What is TDD?

TDD is development process where tests are written before actual code.
Q300

What is continuous integration?

CI automatically builds and tests code when changes are committed.
Q301

What is continuous deployment?

CD automatically deploys every change that passes tests to production.
Q302

What is code coverage?

Code coverage measures how much code is executed during testing.
Q303

What is refactoring?

Refactoring improves code structure without changing external behavior.
Q304

What is technical debt?

Technical debt is implied cost of future rework caused by choosing easy solution
Q305

What is pair programming?

Pair programming has two developers work together, one writing code, other
Q306

What is code review?

Code review is peer review of code to find defects and improve quality.
Q307

What is sprint retrospective?

Retrospective is meeting where team reflects on sprint to improve process.
Q308

What is user story?

User story describes feature from end-user perspective: "As a [user], I want [goal]".
Q309

What is acceptance criteria?

Acceptance criteria define conditions that must be met for work to be accepted.
Q310

What is burndown chart?

Burndown chart visualizes work remaining versus time in sprint.
PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS
Q31

What is the output of: print(10 // 3) in Python?

// is floor division operator, returns integer part of division.
Q32

Which data structure uses LIFO principle?

Stack follows Last In First Out (LIFO) principle.
Q33

Time complexity of Binary Search is

Binary search divides search space in half each time, giving O(log n).
Q34

What does SQL stand for?

SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
Q35

Which is not a programming language?

HTML is a markup language, not a programming language.
Q36

What is the size of int data type in C?

In most modern systems, int is 4 bytes (32 bits).
Q37

Which sorting algorithm is fastest on average?

Quick Sort has average time complexity of O(n log n).
Q38

What does OOP stand for?

OOP stands for Object Oriented Programming.
Q39

Which is NOT a loop in C?

repeat-until is not a loop in C.
Q40

What is encapsulation in OOP?

Encapsulation is wrapping data and methods together and hiding implementation
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
Q41

Which command is used to retrieve data from database?

SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from database.
Q42

What is primary key?

Primary key uniquely identifies each record in a table.
Q43

Which is NOT a DDL command?

INSERT is a DML (Data Manipulation Language) command, not DDL.
Q44

What does RDBMS stand for?

RDBMS stands for Relational Database Management System.
Q45

Which clause is used to filter results in SQL?

WHERE clause is used to filter records in SQL.
Q46

What is normalization?

Normalization is organizing data to minimize redundancy and dependency.
Q47

Which JOIN returns all records when there is a match in either table?

FULL OUTER JOIN returns all records when there is a match in either left or right
Q48

What is the purpose of INDEX in database?

Index is used to speed up the retrieval of data from database tables.
Q49

Which constraint ensures all values in a column are unique?

UNIQUE constraint ensures all values in a column are different.
Q50

What is a transaction in database?

Transaction is a sequence of operations performed as a single logical unit of work.
NETWORKING
Q51

What does IP stand for?

IP stands for Internet Protocol.
Q52

Which layer of OSI model handles routing?

Network Layer (Layer 3) handles routing.
Q53

What is the range of private IP addresses (Class A)?

Class A private IP range is 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255.
Q54

What is the default port for HTTP?

HTTP uses port 80 by default.
Q55

Which protocol is used for secure communication?

HTTPS (HTTP Secure) is used for secure communication.
Q56

What does DNS stand for?

DNS stands for Domain Name System.
Q57

Which device operates at Layer 2 of OSI model?

Switch operates at Data Link Layer (Layer 2).
Q58

What is the purpose of subnet mask?

Subnet mask divides IP address into network and host portions.
Q59

Which protocol is used for email?

SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) is used for sending emails.
Q60

What is bandwidth?

Bandwidth is the maximum rate of data transfer across a given path.
OPERATING SYSTEMS
Q61

Which is not a function of operating system?

Virus protection is typically handled by antivirus software, not OS.
Q62

What is deadlock?

Deadlock occurs when processes wait indefinitely for resources held by each other.
Q63

Which scheduling algorithm is non-preemptive?

First Come First Serve (FCFS) is a non-preemptive scheduling algorithm.
Q64

What is virtual memory?

Virtual memory uses disk space to extend available RAM.
Q65

What is thrashing?

Thrashing occurs when system spends more time paging than executing.
Q66

Which command shows running processes in Linux?

ps (process status) command displays running processes.
Q67

What is semaphore?

Semaphore is used for process synchronization and mutual exclusion.
Q68

What is the purpose of cache memory?

Cache memory provides faster access to frequently used data.
Q69

Which is a multi-user operating system?

Linux is a multi-user operating system.
Q70

What is context switching?

Context switching is the process of storing and restoring the state of a process.
DATA STRUCTURES
Q71

Which traversal visits root node first?

Preorder traversal visits root first, then left subtree, then right subtree.
Q72

What is the worst-case time complexity of linear search?

Linear search may need to check all n elements in worst case.
Q73

Which data structure is used for BFS?

Breadth First Search uses Queue data structure.
Q74

What is a complete binary tree?

Complete binary tree has all levels filled except possibly the last level, which is
Q75

Which has constant time insertion at beginning?

Linked list can insert at beginning in O(1) time.
Q76

What is a hash collision?

Hash collision occurs when two different keys produce the same hash value.
Q77

Which sorting algorithm is stable?

Merge Sort is a stable sorting algorithm that preserves relative order of equal
Q78

What is the height of a binary tree with n nodes (worst case)?

In worst case (skewed tree), height is n.
Q79

Which is NOT a type of linked list?

Binary Linked List is not a standard type of linked list.
Q80

What is the space complexity of recursive factorial?

Recursive factorial uses O(n) space for the call stack.
ALGORITHMS
Q81

Which algorithm uses divide and conquer?

Merge Sort uses divide and conquer strategy.
Q82

What is dynamic programming?

Dynamic programming solves problems by storing solutions to overlapping
Q83

Which algorithm is greedy?

Dijkstra's algorithm uses greedy approach to find shortest path.
Q84

What is the principle of BFS?

Breadth First Search follows FIFO (First In First Out) principle using queue.
Q85

Which is a recursive algorithm?

Tower of Hanoi is solved using recursion.
Q86

What is backtracking?

Backtracking tries all possibilities and backtracks when a solution path fails.
Q87

Which algorithm finds minimum spanning tree?

Kruskal's algorithm finds minimum spanning tree of a graph.
Q88

What is the time complexity of accessing an element in array by index?

Array allows constant time access to elements by index.
Q89

Which search algorithm requires sorted data?

Binary Search requires data to be sorted.
Q90

What is memoization?

Memoization stores results of function calls to avoid redundant computations.
Report an issue with this paper